Types Of Physical Exams

The Department of Transportation (DOT) has specific requirements set forth by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) that commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers must meet when undergoing a physical examination. This industry-specific exam helps employers determine if an employee is physically, mentally, and emotionally capable of operating a commercial vehicle, as their jobs can significantly impact the safety of themselves and others on the road. Specifications are outlined and determined by the DOT and must be filled out by the employer before hiring. DOT physicals can remain valid for up to 24 months, depending on the employee’s medical conditions and how well they are managed. If the medical examiner concludes that the individual is qualified to operate a CMV, then they will issue a copy of the results to the individual who was examined and complete a Medical Examiner's Certificate.

Fitness-for-duty physicals are usually performed for more labor-intensive positions within the safety-sensitive industry. They may be performed as part of the hiring process to ensure that the employee is physically capable of performing all job functions, or they may be performed to determine if an employee can return to work.

Fitness-for-duty exams are highly specific to each industry and the job itself, and are therefore customized to the individual employee. Employees may be required to lift heavy objects overhead, stand, bend, or crouch for extended periods, maneuver in confined spaces, operate heavy machinery, and handle hazardous materials.

Pre-employment physical exams require an employee to undergo a medical evaluation to determine if they can maintain workplace safety. This can vary by industry and can be customized according to the job. Therefore, there is no standard for a pre-employment physical and is often determined by the employer and/or any requirements set forth by agencies, such as the DOT.

A medical surveillance exam seeks to identify potential problems within the workplace environment that may require intervention. Medical surveillance often screens a group of employees to identify abnormal health issues and can be based on a single case or a specific work-related event. For safety-sensitive industries, this is highly vital for employees who are exposed to hazardous working environments, including those with chemicals, high radiation levels, smoke, or hazardous waste. Based on OSHA guidelines, health risks, and state and federal laws, occupational health PLHCPs will help provide medical surveillance services designed to meet your company and industry’s needs.