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Drug testing at work – how it works

Calendar Icon 21 March, 2025

What do alcohol and drug tests mean in the workplace, and what rights and obligations do you have as an employer? Here you will find answers to frequently asked questions and practical advice to get you started.

A male employer talks about how drug testing works at work

Why should I do drug testing in the workplace?

Alcohol and drug testing at work is a way for you as an employer to create a safe and secure work environment. By conducting regular drug testing at work, you reduce the risk of accidents and work-related problems, protecting both employees and companies.

Early detection of substance abuse can prevent costly consequences such as reduced productivity and increased sick leave. Tests also show concern for your employees by providing the opportunity for support before problems grow bigger.

Are you worried about one of your employees, or are you going to start drug testing at your workplace? Contact us and we will help you.

 

 

The number of positive drug tests at work is increasing

The number of drug tests with positive results has increased by 150 percent over the past 10 years. At the same time, 70 percent more drug tests are now also being done at work, which shows that more employers see drug tests as an important tool.

Substance abuse affects the workplace in several ways:

  • 25% of all workplace accidents are related to alcohol or drugs.
  • 1 in 5 colleagues are at risk of developing an addiction.

According to Aftonbladet, more people have been caught in drug tests at the country’s workplaces.

The industries that stand out with positive drug tests are:

 

3,6 procent

Construction industry

 

2,4 procent

Manufacturing industry

 

1,9 procent

Transport industry

 

1,2 procent

Sales and storage

 

1,9 procent

Average for all industries surveyed

 

 

Different types of tests

Drug tests can be done in different situations depending on the company’s needs and policies. Here are some of the most common types of tests:

1. New hire test
New hire test takes place when you are going to hire a new employee at work. These tests do not usually require union negotiations.

2. Suspicion test
Suspicion test is carried out in the event of suspicion of abuse. Drug tests on suspicion of abuse should be conducted with great consideration for the employee’s privacy and be part of the company’s drug policy.

3. Random test
Unannounced tests should be conducted on the basis of a clear and approved policy and anonymized selection process.

The most common methods of doing alcohol and drug tests at work are urine tests, saliva tests, or blood tests.

 

 

Laws and regulations on alcohol and drug testing at work

Employers may have the right to conduct alcohol and drug testing in the workplace, but the rules vary between the private and public sectors. According to the Swedish Work Environment Authority, the Labour Court has assessed that drug tests may be justified if the work involves a high risk of serious accidents.

In the private sector, employers have more freedom to introduce tests as long as it is done in accordance with laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which protects employee privacy. In addition, the tests can also be regulated in the company’s drug policy as well as collective and employment agreements.

In the public sector, i.e. municipalities and regions, employers’ opportunities are more limited due to constitutionally protected rights that strengthen the individual’s privacy. The Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions, SALAR, and the Swedish Agency for Government Employers have lately wanted an opening for greater opportunities to do drug tests at work in the public sector as well. This is still a topical topic, and any changes may affect how drug tests may be used in the future.

According to the Co-Determination Act (MBL), for both sectors, decisions to introduce drug tests must be negotiated with the union if the workplace has union representation.

Do you want to know more about what applies to your workplace? Contact us for a legal review.

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Background checks in Sweden and globally for all sectors.
Background checks in Sweden and globally for all sectors.


Alcohol and drug policy – for a safe work environment

It is important to have a clear policy on alcohol and drugs at work. The policy should clearly describe when and how drug tests are conducted, what applies in the event of a positive test and what measures can be taken.

A clear policy reduces the risk of misunderstandings and creates a safe and fair work environment where everyone knows what applies.

Do you want help creating a clear drug policy?

 

 

 

Let DISA help you find a safe workplace

DISA not only offers legal and professional solutions for alcohol and drug testing, but we are also experts in background checks. By combining these services, we can offer a complete solution that makes it easier for you as an employer.

With us, you get an easy and safe management of both background checks and drug tests, which saves time and simplifies your administrative processes.

 

 

Frequently Asked Questions About Drug Testing At Work

Yes, but it must be done in accordance with laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Co-Determination Act (MBL) as well as the company’s policy. Different rules apply in the private and public sectors.

Yes, in some cases, especially if the misuse affects safety. However, the employer may also have a rehabilitation responsibility, which means that support is offered before dismissal is considered.

An employee can say no to taking a drug test, but there can be consequences. If employment contracts or collective bargaining agreements state that testing is a requirement, refusal may result in the employee receiving a warning or other disciplinary action.